Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories originally designed C in the early 1970s.
The most basic programming language professional#
Programmers often use C to write systems software, but many professional and commercial-quality applications also are written in C. The language known as C is a fast and efficient language for many different computers and operating systems. Artificial intelligence programs attempt to make computers more useful by using the principles of human intelligence in their programming. Developed in the early 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the leadership of Professor John McCarthy, LISP is used mostly for artificial intelligence (AI) programming. Programs written in LISP (List Processing) manipulate symbolic (as opposed to numeric) data organized in list structures.
Pascal was based on ALGOL (Algorithmic Language), a language that was popular in Europe during the 1960s. Because it was a highly structured language that supported good programming techniques, it was often taught in universities during the 1970s and 1980s, and it still influences today's programming languages. In 1968 Niklaus Wirth, a professor in Zürich, Switzerland, created Pascal, which he named after 17th-century French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal.
The most basic programming language Pc#
In the early 1990s the Microsoft Corporation enhanced BASIC with a GUI (graphic user interface) to create Visual Basic, which became a popular language for creating PC applications. Because almost all microcomputers were sold with some version of BASIC included, millions of people now use the language, and tens of thousands of BASIC programs are now in common use. The explosion of microcomputer use beginning in the late 1970s transformed BASIC into a universal programming language. Considered too slow and inefficient for professional use, BASIC was nevertheless simple to learn and easy to use, and it became an important academic tool for teaching programming fundamentals to nonprofessional computer users. John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz, two professors at Dartmouth College, developed a simplified version of FORTRAN, called BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), in 1965.
COBOL became the most important programming language for commercial and business-related applications, and newer versions of it are still widely used today. Several computer manufacturers, with support from the United States government, jointly developed COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) in the early 1960s to address those needs. Its importance was immediate and long-lasting, and newer versions of the language are still widely used in engineering and scientific applications.įORTRAN manipulated numbers and equations efficiently, but it was not suited for business-related tasks, such as creating, moving, and processing data files. Completed in 1957, FORTRAN (Formula Translation) became the first comprehensive high-level programming language.
At that time, computers were also becoming an increasingly important scientific tool.Ī team led by John Backus within the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation began developing a language that would simplify the programming of complicated mathematical formulas. It was devised in the early 1950s by Grace Hopper, a United States Navy computer programmer. The first high-level language for business data processing was called FLOW-MATIC. High-level languages are less efficient but are easier to use because they more closely resemble spoken or mathematical languages. They are difficult for humans to use, but they produce the fastest programs. Low-level languages are similar to a computer's internal binary language, or machine language.
There are two general types of languages-low-level and high-level.
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